Fluid pump or motor



,May 4, 1943. T. N. HAINES 2,318,386

- FLUID PUMP OR MOTOR v Filed Feb. 23, 1940 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 F76. WNW/88.

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7 May 4, 1943.

TMN. HAI NES FLUID 'PUMP OR MOTOR Filed Feb. 23, 1940 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Q [WT/V585: v I

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y -4 T. HAINES 2,318,386 v UID PUMP OR MOTOR Filed Feb. 23, 1940' s Sheets-Sheet s tPatented May 4, 1943 1 From PUMP on MOTOR Thomas Norman Haines, Philadelphia, Pa., assignor of one-half to Karl Lcgner, Rydal, Pa.

Application February 23, 1940, Serial No. 320,324 2 Claims. '(cl. lee-121) This invention relates to a fluid pump or motor of rotary piston type and has particular reference to a type of pump or motor in which the displacement is theoretically, and in practice approximately, constantly proportional to the angular movement of the relatively rotatable elements.

' It is the object of the present invention to provide a fluid pump or motor of the type just indicated which is simple in construction, silent and smoothin operation and readily repaired. The attainment of these objects and other objects of .the invention, particularly relating to details of the construction, will be apparent from the following description, read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a vertical axial sectional view through the pump or motor; 1

Figure 2 is a plan view of the same partly in section;

Figure 3 is a section taken on the broken plane, the trace of which is indicated at 3-- 3'in Figure 1;

- Figure 1 is an axial section similar to Figure 2, but showing'the relation of the parts following a rotation of 90 from the position illustrated in Figure 2;

Figure 5 is a fragmentary transverse section showing the relationship between certain of the parts;

Figure 6 is a horizontal fragmentary section taken on the plane the trace of which is indicated at 66 in Figure 5;

Figure 7 is a diagrammatic perspective view illustrating the theoretical surfaces involved in the provision of chambers of ,varying ,volumes provided in the operation of the pump; and

Figure 8 is 'a diagram of developed type to in-.-

,dicate the fashion in which the 'chambers vary in volum e.

Before proceeding with a discussion of constructional details, reference will be made to the diagram of Figure '7, which will demonstrate clearly the applicability of the invention to the construction of either a pump or a motor, and

also the wide variety of choice in the provisions of form an outer bounding surface for various chambers to be described, the inner spherical surface =-A forming an inner bounding surface for these same chambers.

Opposed conical surfacesC and D are coaxialwith each other and with the spherical surfaces.

In this theoretical diagram, the straight line elements of these conical surfaces would intersect at the center of the spheres. (In the actual construction, as will be evident hereafter, this will not be the case, because of the thickness of a partition.) Located in an axial plane and closing off the annular region which is bounded by the spherical and conical surfaces, is a partition F which, for ease of description, may be regarded as movable with relation to the spherical and conical surfaces which, also for the sake of present description, will be regarded as fixed. In other words, this partition F will be regarded as moving in the direction of the arrow, making contact with bothspherical surfaces and with the conical surface C and D at M and N, respectively.

A ring E has its inner edge engaging the in ner sphere and its outer edge engaging the outer sphere so as to separate into two regionsthe annular space. It is tangent to the cone C at P and to the cone D at Q. The arrangement is such, consistent with the assumptions already made, that this ringE is maintained in a fixed plane passing through thBcenter of the spheresand tangent to the cones at P and Q, respectively,

but is so arranged that it may rotate about the center of the spheres, i. e., its owncenter in that fixed plane. The ring E is continuous with the exception of a slot at L through which extends the partition F.

Assume, now, that the partition F rotates in the direction of the arrow and in such rotation by engagement with the edge of the slot L pro,- duces a rotation of the ring-shaped partition E in the plane of the latter. Under such conditions, there are delimited within 'the' annular space four regions the volumes of which will be varying with the movement of the partition F. One of these regions is bounded by the portion f of partition F between L and M, the portion 0 relatively movable surfaces, as it will'be obvious that there are but few restrictions on the choice derstood that thespherical surface B, merely indicated in outline in Figure 7', envelopes the various other parts illustrated inthis figure toof the cone C between Mend P, and the portion e of ring E between L and P. A second region is bounded by the portion of partition F between L and N, the portions e and e of the ring I E between Land Q past the tangent contact at P, and the-portion d of cone D between N and Q. A third region is bounded by the portion 1" of partition F, the portion e" of ring E between- L and Q, and the portion d of cone D between I creasing in volume.

- such other surfaces.

N and Q. A fourth region is located between portion 1 of partition F, portion of cone 0 between M and P, and portions e and e" of ring E. As rotation in the direction of the arrow in Figure 7 takes place, it will be evident that the first two of these chambers are decreasing in volume and the latter two are increasing in .volume.

The nature of the displacement which occurs -will be somewhat clearer from consideration of garded as viewing the exterior of Figure 7 in a radial direction in any point. The diagram of Figure 8 is carried out through somewhat more than 360 to illustrate the continuous nature of the displacement. In this diagram the traces corresponding to the various surfaces and the points corresponding to various lines are lettered to agree with Figure 7. Assuming that the mo- -tion to the right of the partition F, represented by the lin MN, corresponds to the rotation in' .the direction of the arrow in Figure 7, it will be evident that the chambers described in order ,above are represented in Figuie 8 by the regions MPL, NLPQ, QLN, PMLQ, respectively. The

two regions shaded vertically are decreasing in volume. The two shaded horizontally are in- 4 Inlets and outlets to these chambersmay be provided at X and X, and Y and Y, respectively, the inlets being on the trailing sid of the partition F and the outlets 'on the advancing side. It will be evident, however, that the inlets may equally well be provided to the right of tangent lines P and Q, respectively, and the outlets to'the left of these tangent lines,

.exendlng through the conical or spherical surfaces. It will also be .evident that the partition F need not necessarily extend axially.

As will be evident from the figures, if the'partitions are of infinitesimal thickness, the displaced volume is constantly proportional to the angular movement of the partition F. Slight departure from this condition arises by reason of the necessary'actuai thickness of the partitions in practice.

The description so far given will indicate quite clearly the freedom of design offered by the principles of the present invention. It will be evidentthat all that is' required is a relative rotary movement between the partition F and the plane of the 'ring-shapedpartition E. If the partition 1'' remains stationary, the plane of the rinsshaped partition will rotate. Conversely, if this latter plane'remains fixed, the-partition Fmust rotate. Sincefth'e two spherical surfaces and the two conical surfaces are surfaces generated by revolution about a common axis, it is evidently immaterial from a theoretical standpoint whether these surfaces revolve or remain stationary. As will be evident hereafter, the guiding of' the ring E for rotation in its own plane imposes as a practical condition that'at least one of the spherical surfaces shall be fixed relativ to the plane of the ring.

It will be further obvious that it is not strictly necessary that the surfaces be conical or spherical as described, inasmuch as, in practice, the ring Emay close up the space between other surfaces provided it projects into slots formed in Furthermore, the surfaces of the ring which make tangential contact with the end surfaces of the annular region may in themselves be conical, so that the end surfaces might, for example, be planes or the end surfaces the ring surfaces may be suitably correspondingly provided in other ways with contact ing surfaces of revolution. It will be evident that such changes do not depart from the principles of the invention.

jPassing to the practical embodiment of the inventionina pump or motor, it will be evident that thepartition F may be fixed or rotary as mentioned above, and that, depending on the condition of this partition, the apparatus will have, practically, either a stationary or a rotary outer casing. In Figures 1 to 6, inclusive, there isillustrated a practicalembodiment of the invention in which the casing is shown as rotatable. It will be evident, however, that if the casing is held stationary, then the shaft and central parts of the apparatus may be made to rotate.

Suitable standards 2 support a fixed shaft 4 on which is fixedly mounted the spherical surfaced member 6 providing the surface heretofore described at A. The shaft 4 is hollow, and in one end thereof thereis the opening 8 communicating with the opening it in the spherical surface of 6 at one side of the partition l8. An opening I! in the other end of the shaft 4 communicates with an opening M in the spherical surface at the opposite side of the partition i8. These openings are extended by slots l6 adjacent the partition l8 to secure communication with the extreme corners of the chambers. It 'will be evident from Figure 8 that the openings illustrated therein as very small may be connected in pairs in any suitable fashion and may be enlarged to such openings as are illustrated at it and i4 with their associated extension slots. Large openings are, of course, necessary to secure freedom of entrance and exit of the working fluid.

The partition it in the embodiment illustrated is secured to the member 6 and is provided with an outer spherical surface and conical end surfaces :22 and 24, respectively. These latter surfaces engage the conical surfaces of members 26 and 28, which are rotatable upon the shaft 4,

suitable stuiling arrangements being provided at I 30 and 32 to prevent leakage along the shaft.

These cone surfaced members 28 and 20 are pinned at 34 and 36 to halves 38 and 40 of an outer casing, which halves are provided with interior spherical surfaces having sliding engagement with the partition IS. A pulley made in halves. 42 and carried by the respective halves of the casing may be driven by a belt if the apstraight line elements of the conical surfaces.

The ring 48 is provided with a slot, indicated at El, to embrace the partition it. The radial edges of this slot are pointed or rounded, as indicated particularly in Figures 5 and 6, and the partition I! is so shaped by having concave surfaces that a fluid-tight sliding fit is provided between the edges of the slot andithe partition -II for all positions of operation of the device.

This shape, it will be noted, is .necessary, since the plane of extent of the partition is at right angles'to plane of the ring 48 when the parts are in the positions illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, whereas the angle between these two planes changes when the position of Figure 4 is attained to an angle such asthat illustrated in Figure 4. As this angle between the planes changes, the portion of thepartition I8 engaging the ring varies from end to end of the partition. It is, therefore, possible to so shape the partition to secure the desired contact in all positions of operation.

From the description previously given with respect to Figures '7 and 8, the operation of the apparatus as either a pump or motor win be evident. In the case of the particular embodiment illustrated, the spherical surface 6 and the partiti n l8 are stationary. The housings providing the exterior spherical surface and the conical surfaces rotate. With them there rotates the plane of the ring 48. .The ring 48 merely oscillates back and forth with change of its angular position relative to the partition l8. In such operation it has, of course, -a relative rotary movement with respect to the housing.

It will be immediately apparent that the housing may be stationary and the shaft 4 and its associated parts rotary, giving rise to the action which was particularly assumed in the discussion of Figure 7. In such case, the plane of the ring 48 remains stationary, and this ring rotates in its plane as driven by the partition l8. In the event that the shaft is rotated, it is not so convenient to provide for inflow and outflow of fluid through the rotating shaft. In such case, therefore, the outlets may be provided in the stationary' casing. Reference to Figure 8 will make it evident that the outlets may be provided in the conical surfaces to the left of the tangent lines P and Q.

while the inlets will be in the same surfaces to the right of these tangent lines.

It will be evident that a smooth operation results from the use of this apparatus, the parts being completely balanced except for the partition l8, which may be counter-balanced by Providing suitable cored holes in the spherical member 6 in theevent that it rotates. Uniform angular rotation takes place in the case of all the parts with the exception of the ring 48 in the case of its rotation. If the partition I8 is rotated, the ring does not have a uniform angular velocity, but will have some variations in its rotary speed, depending upon the angle of intersection,

with thepartition l8.

What I claim and desire to protect by Letters Patent is:

1. A fluid mechanism comprising a housing providing an annular space bounded by inner and outer concentric spherical surfaces and a pair of opposed coaxial conical surfaces, said conical and outer spherical surfaces being stationary relative to each other, a partition extending transversely of, and closing, said annular space, and secured to said inner spherical surface, the partition and inner surface being rotatable relatively to'said other surfaces and the partition having surfaces bearing on said other surfaces in fluid tight fashion, a-ring-shaped partition member tangent to both said conical surfaces dividing the space between said spherical surfaces, means for guiding said ring-shaped partition for rotation in its own plane relative'to said outer spherical surf: as and said conical surfaces, said ring-shaped partition having a radially extending slot therein to pass said transversely extending partition, and the transversely extending partition having concave sides to fit in fluid-tight fashion the edges of the slot in said ring-shaped partition in all positions of the latter, the transversely extending partition and the plane of said ring-shaped partition being rotatable relatively to each other about the axis of said cones to form chambers of varying volumes bounded by portions of said spherical surfaces, said conical surfaces, and said partitions, and means providing inlet and outlet passages for fluid communicating with the chambers.

2. A fluid mechanism comprising a housing providing an annular space bounded by inner and outer concentric spherical surfaces and a pair of opposed coaxial conical surfaces, said conical and outer spherical surfaces being stationary relative to each other, a partition extending transversely of, and closing, said annular space, and secured to said inner spherical surface, the partition and inner surface being rotatable relatively to said othersurfaces and the partition having surfaces bearing on said other surfaces in' fluid tight fashion, a ring-shaped partition member ta'n-' gent to both said conical surfaces dividing the space between said spherical surfaces, means for guiding said ring-shaped partition for rotation' in its own plane relative to said outer spherical surface and said conical surfaces, said ringshaped partition being arranged to pass in fluidtight fashion the transversely extending partition in all positions of the latter, the transversely extending partition and the plane of said ringshaped partition being rotatable relatively to each other about the axis of said cones to ,form' chambers of varying volumes bounded by portions of said spherical surfaces, said oo nical surfaces, and said partitions, and means providing inlet and outlet passages for fluid communicating with thelchambers comprising openings through said inner spherical surface extending therefrom in opposite directions along the axis of rotation.

moms NORMAN mums. 

